Pritzker was inaugurated as the 43rd Governor on January 14, 2019.
On June 5, 2019 Governor Pritzker signed a bipartisan $40 billion balanced budget for the 2019–2020 fiscal year. This budget includes, among many other things, $29 million in additional funding for efforts to encourage participation in the U.S. Census. Public spending increases will be paid for by tax hikes. A separate bill signed by the Governor imposes sales taxes from online retailers, a tax on insurance companies, and decouples the Illinois state income tax from a federal tax cut for companies that bring their foreign profits to the U.S. This budget neglects any potential revenue that might be collected from the legalization of recreational marijuana. In addition, people who owe their taxes from between June 30, 2011, and July 1, 2018, will be able to take advantage of a “tax amnesty” program that allows them to pay without penalty.
In June 2019, Pritzker signed into law a bill that repeals the Illinois Abortion Law of 1975, which penalizes doctors for performing abortions considered unnecessary, and the Partial-birth Abortion Ban Act. This new bill ensures the "fundamental right to make autonomous decisions about one's own reproductive health," specifically the right to choose whether to carry a pregnancy to term or to abort it, and denies a zygote, an embryo, or a fetus "independent rights under the law" of the State of Illinois. Pritzker encourages states that have passed restrictions on abortion to reconsider their positions and added that women from other states can seek refuge in his. Pritzker signed this bill at a time when the landmark Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade in 1973 legalizing abortion nationwide could be challenged. This bill is known as Senate Bill 25, or the Reproductive Health Act.
In July 2019, Pritzker signed House Bill 2512. Approved unanimously by both chambers of the Illinois General Assembly, it requires state universities to report what students pay in tuition fees to the Illinois Board of Higher Education. This is intended to increase transparency in the costs of higher education.
On April 1, 2019 Pritzker created the Youth Parole system for the State of Illinois.
In July 2019, Pritzker signed a bill that increases penalties for drivers who got involved in a road incident with injuries while texting. Under this bill, a person who causes serious injuries due to driving while texting could be fined at least $1,000 and have their driver's license suspended for a year. This law takes effect immediately. In the same month, he signed House Bill 2045, ending the practice of collecting a $5 copay for offsite medical and dental treatments from individuals detained at a juvenile correction facility. This will take effect January 2020.
On January 17, 2019, Pritzker signed a bill requiring state certification for gun dealers that was passed during the tenure of his predecessor, Bruce Rauner. It also requires gun dealers to ensure the physical security of their stores, to keep a detailed list of items on sale, and employees of such stores to undergo annual training. These requirements come on top of the mandatory federal license issued by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Proponents say Senate Bill 337 prevents guns from falling "into the wrong hands" while opponents argue it creates additional bureaucracy, imposes a financial burden on gun business owners, and will neither enhance public safety nor reduce crime. The Illinois State Rifle Association in particular argues that the bill violates the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution because it interferes with the right to bear arms and has filed a lawsuit alongside eight gun dealers.
In 2019, Pritzker approved of a tax on private insurance that will go into the state's Medicaid program.
On January 24, 2019, Pritzker signed an executive order expanding access to welcome centers in Illinois for immigrants and refugees. Welcome centers help guide immigrants on a path to citizenship and refugees with access to health care, education, jobs, and legal services.
On June 21, 2019, Pritzker signed a bill banning the operation of private immigration detention centers in Illinois. Another bill forbids state and local police to cooperate with U.S. Immigration Customs and Enforcement (ICE) to deport illegal immigrants. Undocumented individuals who identify as transgender may apply for state financial aid. (Federal aid requires proof of citizenship and those who were born male to register for the draft.)
Pritzker erased the drug conviction of an Army veteran in August 2019. Miguel Perez Jr. suffered a brain injury while serving in Afghanistan and has been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. He was deported to Mexico in 2018 after spending seven years in prison. He had pled guilty to a drug crime and held a green card as a permanent U.S. resident. Perez's supporters hope the pardon will help him return to the U.S.
In June 2019, Pritzker deployed 200 Illinois National Guardsmen to combat flooding across central and southern parts of the state. These troops were tasked with sandbagging, protecting levees and keeping evacuation routes open. In August 2019, he officially requested a federal disaster declaration to be issued for 32 counties due to flooding in Illinois since February 2019. The request came after the state's disaster assessment was concluded.
On February 19, 2019, Pritzker signed into law a bill that raises the minimum wage statewide to $15 an hour by 2025, making Illinois the fifth state in the nation and first state in the Midwest to do so. The bill includes a tax credit for small businesses to help them deal with higher costs of labor and maintains the ability of restaurant owners to count tips towards pay.
On Friday April 12, 2019 he signed the Collective Bargaining Freedom Act which protects the right of employers, employees, and their labor organizations to collectively bargain, ensuring that the State of Illinois complies with the National Labor Relations Act. On May 17, 2019 Pritzker signed legislation that helped workers exposed to toxic substances.
Pritzker refused to take on the City of Chicago's pension liabilities, believing that it would jeopardize the state's credit rating. Moody's raised it to one level above "junk" after the state passed a balanced budget in 2019. Pritzker did not reject the possibility of allowing Chicago to pool its pension funds with other parts of the state, however, and created a task force looking for ways to tackle the ballooning pension debts of municipalities across the state.
On May 31, 2019, the Illinois General Assembly passed the Illinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act legalizing and regulating the production, consumption, and sale of adult-use cannabis. On June 25, 2019, Pritzker signed the legislation into law, which went into effect on January 1, 2020. Illinois was the eleventh state in the Union to legalize recreational use of marijuana. Criminal records of individuals caught possessing less than 30 grams will be cleared. Tax revenue collected from marijuana sales will be used to invest in impoverished communities impacted by the War on Drugs and in rehabilitation programs for drug abusers. After the first month of legalization in January 2020, marijuana sales had generated approximately $10.4 million in tax revenue for the state. By July, it had generated the state over $52 million.
On December 31, 2019, Pritzker pardoned approximately 11,000 individuals for low-level marijuana convictions.
The new gas tax that will fund the 2019 infrastructure plan, 38 cents per gallon and indexed to inflation, took effect on July 1, 2019. As of 2019, Illinois is home to one of the highest fuel taxes in the U.S.
On April 7, 2019 Pritzker made Illinois the first state in the Midwest to adopt Tobacco 21.
In July 2019, Pritzker signed House Bill 3343, creating a food program for the elderly, the disabled, and the homeless. Such individuals may collect their benefits from a private business that has a contract with the Illinois Department of Human Services (IDHS) to provide meals with discounts. This is the state implementation of the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The IDHS is to initiate this program no later than January 1, 2020.
On January 22, 2019, Governor Pritzker signed an executive order giving state employees and women covered under Illinois state health insurance expanded reproductive coverage which also includes abortions. The move was praised by Planned Parenthood officials who also attended the signing event.
On January 23, 2019, Pritzker committed Illinois to the U.S. Climate Alliance which will aim to reduce the state's greenhouse gas emissions over 26% by 2025.
Pritzker is a supporter of expanding the state's medical marijuana program and legalizing recreational cannabis in Illinois. In June 2019, he signed the Illinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act into law, which effectively legalized the possession and regulated sale of marijuana for recreational purposes starting in 2020.